我国医务工作者对艾滋病的诊治经验不多,因此提高对HIV感染的认识很有必要。据报道,在AIDS 患者中,98
%存在营养不良。[1]为此,本文结合近期文献对HIV 感染或艾滋病患者的营养不良发生机理、营养评估及其处理对策综述如下。
1 营养不良发生机理
发生营养不良主要有三个方面的原因:即经口摄入减少,物质代谢改变以及营养成分吸收障碍。
1. 1 经口摄入减少
1. 2 物质代谢的改变
1. 3 吸收障碍
2 营养状况的评估
2. 1 病史
2. 2 食欲
2. 3 体重和身体各部位的测量
2. 4 生化检验
3 营养不良的护理
3. 1 病因护理
3. 1. 1 摄入减少
3. 1. 2 物质代谢改变
3. 1. 3 营养吸收障碍
3. 2 临床护理
3. 2. 1 对症护理
3. 2. 2 一般营养指导
3. 3 心理护理
3. 4 体育锻炼
参考文献
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